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A fossil of a (naked) human foot print that is believed to be about one million years old (Kenya, photograph by courtesy of Matthew Bennett, Bournemouth University, England.)A fossil of a (naked) human foot print that is believed to be about one million years old (Kenya, photograph by courtesy of Matthew Bennett, Bournemouth University, England.)

 In the beginning there was a foot, and it was naked ............

The foot is an essential, albeit often overlooked, area of the human body - until that blister or bunion comes. Yet millions of euros are spent every year on clothing and decorating the feet. The use of footwear; a term that includes items generally worn on the feet and lower legs, goes back thousands of years and it comes in many different forms. But how often do we actually stop and seriously think about our feet and how we dress them?

The materials and final appearance of traditional footwear are related to climate, geography, cultural influences, religion, social status, whether they are worn indoors or outdoors (or indeed both), the type of occupation (a nurse wears different footwear from a metal worker), sport or recreation (compare for example, the shoes worn while playing golf and the boots worn to play football), as well as age and gender. Sometimes the choice of footwear is based only on its ornamental value.

 

Footwear can be divided into two main groups, namely (a) hosiery, such as socks and stockings, which are normally worn on part of the leg and foot, and between the feet and the outer footwear, and (b) outer footwear: such as sandals, shoes and boots. This group can be further sub-divided into: (i)  open footwear such as sandals; (ii) closed footwear, including shoes and boots; and (iii) over footwear, which is worn on top of the other forms, such as galoshes, and pattens. Some types of footwear can be either open or closed, notably slippers that are primarily worn inside the house.
 
Detail from an early 20th century mule from Vietnam showing the embroidery details (TRC 2009.0117a-b)Detail from an early 20th century mule from Vietnam showing the embroidery details (TRC 2009.0117a-b)
Footwear can be made out of a wide range of materials including leather (cow, snake, crocodile, etc), textiles (canvas, felt, satin, etc), rope (espadrille), wood (clogs), metal, plastic (Wellington boots) and rubber, or some combination of these materials. Sometimes they are plain, on other occasions they are elaborately decorated forms with beads, embroidery, braids and ribbons, or the sides are cut into elaborate forms. Some modern forms may also include objects embedded into transparent heels.

 

 


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Contact

Boerhaavelaan 6
2334 EN Leiden.
Tel. +31 (0)6 28830428  
office@trcleiden.org

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Bank account number

NL39 INGB 0002 9823 59, in the name of the Stichting Textile Research Centre.

TRC closed until 4 May 2026

The TRC is closed to the public until Monday, 4 May 2026, due to our move to the Boerhaavelaan. The TRC remains in contact via the web, telephone and email. For direct contact and personal visits, please contact the TRC at office@trcleiden.org, or by mobile, 06-28830428.

Donations

The TRC is dependent on project support and individual donations. All of our work is being carried out by volunteers. To support the TRC activities, we therefore welcome your financial assistance: donations can be transferred to bank account number (IBAN) NL39 INGB 000 298 2359, in the name of the Stichting Textile Research Centre. BIC code is: INGBNL2A.

 You can also, very simply, if you have an iDEAL app, use the iDEAL button and fill in the amount of support you want to donate: 
 

 

 

Since the TRC is officially recognised as a non-profit making cultural institution (ANBI), donations are tax deductible for 125% for individuals, and 150% for commercial companies. For more information, click here