Ingrain textile dyes, also called developed dyes, can be applied directly onto the fabric. The dyed fibres/threads are washed prior to being spun/woven and they will not easily discharge their colours. There is also ingrain wallpaper (German: Rauhfaser), which can be directly painted upon.
Sources:
- CAULFEILD, Sophia Frances Anne and Blanche C. SAWARD (1882), The Dictionary of Needlework, London: L. Upcott Gill, p. 271.
- TORTORA, Phyllis G. and Ingrid JOHNSON (2014). The Fairchild Books: Dictionary of Textiles, 8th edition, London: Bloomsbury, p. 305.
- Shorter Oxford English Dictionary: ‘Ingrain’.
GVE